This research endeavors to conduct a thorough study on the four private universities in Vietnam, with a dual focus on Internal Quality Assessment (IQA) and External Quality Assurance (EQA). The specific objectives of the study are the following:

• to explore the challenges facing private universities that influence the institutions’ ability to conduct effective IQA and meet EQA standards;
• to examine the alignment of private universities’ quality assurance processes with national and international standards and identify challenges associated with this alignment;
• to identify and analyze innovative approaches and practices that the universities have adopted to overcome challenges in quality assurance.